1. Abortions/ miscarriage 

2. Infections: Urinary tract infections, Sexually transmitted infections, candidiasis

3. Trauma: Rough sexual intercourse

4. Placental causes: low lying placenta near the cervix( placenta previa) or abrupt placenta separation from the uterus( Abruptio placenta) 

5. Cervical disorders: polyps, swelling( cervicitis), cancer

6. Premature labour

7. Implantation bleeding ( Harmless) this occurs about 10 -14 days after conception has taken place and the embryo implants itself in the wall of the uterus. There could be light harmless bleeding we call ” Spotting”

8. Hormones. The increased hormones that support the pregnancy can cause light bleeding, “spotting”

9. Ectopic pregnancy.. the foetus is found outside the uterus and usually in the tubes and when the foetus grows beyond the small size of the fallopian tube, it bursts. 

10. Molar pregnancy: this occurs when the fertilized egg grows abnormally such that the fort us and the placenta do not form. This is usually described as ” Frog’s eggs-like substances” seen mixed with blood. 

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy is an emergency and when someone experiences it should seek medical attention as soon as possible to be managed properly.